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Essential Linux commands for pentesting and system administration.
uname -aDisplay system information
whoamiShow current user
idDisplay user and group IDs
hostnameShow system hostname
cat /etc/os-releaseShow OS version
ifconfigDisplay network interfaces
ip addrShow IP addresses
netstat -tulpnShow listening ports
ss -tulpnModern netstat alternative
arp -aDisplay ARP table
find / -perm -4000 2>/dev/nullFind SUID binaries
find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/nullFind writable directories
ls -la /etc/passwdCheck passwd file permissions
cat /etc/crontabView cron jobs
ps auxList all running processes
ps aux | grep rootShow root processes
top -n 1Display process snapshot
cat /etc/passwdList all users
cat /etc/shadowView password hashes (requires root)
sudo -lList sudo privileges
wShow logged in users